The ʻukulele was brought to Hawaiʻi from Madeira, Portugal in 1879. Three immigrants are credited with introducing the stringed instrument: Manuel Nunes, Augusto Diaz and Jose do Espirito Santo. These three played for the royal court and performed throughout Hawaiʻi. King Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani both played the ʻukulele and were instrumental in promoting it's popularity. There are three theories on how the ʻukulele (jumping flea) was named. 1) Playing of the instrument was described as finger movements jumping like fleas; 2) Edward Purvis' nickname was ʻukulele and the instrument was known as ʻUkulele's instrument; 3) Purvis's fingers looked like jumping fleas when he played. © 1925 Irving Berlin
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